In this study, weather conditions such as air humidity, temperature air, AND wind speed were investigated in relation to wind turbine efficiency with the approach of an exergy study. In this study, the wind speed has been investigated in two different climatic regions of Iran with an approximate distance of 1200 km, in the names of Ardabil AND Marvast. The amount of wind density of Ardabil is equal to 66 (kW/m2) AND Marvast is equal to 123 (kW/m2). Power production using a 10 (Kw) wind turbine in the Ardabil region is 2.3 (MWh) AND in the Marvast region is 3.2 (MWh) per year. The highest wind turbine exergy efficiency is 0.48 in the Ardabil region, AND the highest exergy efficiency in the Marvast region is 0.18. The amount of reduction of CO2 gas production, using wind turbines in comparison to gas AND diesel power plants in Ardabil, are 1.1 AND 2.1 tons AND in Marvast are 1.5 AND 2.9 tons per year. This reduction in CO2 greenhouse gas per year is equal to using a forest region of 1000 (m2) to 3000 (m2). The use of wind turbines reduces the fuel consumption of diesel power plants in the Ardabil region for the amount of 797.4 liters AND in the Marvast region for the amount of 1244 liters of diesel per year. According to this review, it can be concluded that in addition to wind speed, air humidity plays a significant role in the selection, installation, AND commissioning of wind turbines in the region. According to this survey, it can be seen that in the Ardabil region, the wind speed of the wind turbine has a higher exergy efficiency than in the Marvast region, AND it can be concluded that the wind turbine has performed better in the Ardabil region.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstAND both dynamic AND static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the EFFECTS of earthquakes on underground structures AND the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated AND by using Plaxis 2D software AND based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity ANALYSIS on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight AND modulus of elasticity was carried out, AND the parameters whose changes have the greatest AND least EFFECTS on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static ANALYSIS. Also, outputs of sensitivity ANALYSIS on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect AND cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

Introduction: Medical errors are among significant health system problems. The best method to detect errors is to identify the root AND systemic causes of errors. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the FAILUREs of clinical care in emergency departments using the Healthcare FAILURE MODES AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (HFMEA). Materials AND Methods: This was an analytical AND cross-sectional study. The required data were collected qualitatively AND quantitatively using focus group discussions in emergency departments. The study population consisted of all emergency department nurses. Study samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. By the HFMEA method, Risk Priority Number (RPN) was calculated to reach FAILURE MODES AND those with RPN >216 were identified as the most frequent AND risky errors. Results: A total number of 67 FAILURE MODES were identified for 26 clinical care processes. The errors with the highest RPN were “ the lack of oxygenation during airway suctioning” AND “ the lack of airway suctioning during ventilator weaning process” ; they related to the respiratory system care with RPN=336. The error with the lowest RPN was “ the lack of signing verbal orders by two nurses” ; related to the general practice with RPN=8. Conclusion: Investigating the causes AND EFFECTS of these errors, controlling, AND suggesting measures indicate the high efficiency of the HFMEA method. It also suggested the preventability of these errors by increasing the knowledge AND awareness of the training staff by providing training courses.

The oil, gas, AND petrochemical industries, as one of the largest sources of ENVIRONMENTAL pollutants, have different types AND levels of pollution depending on the type of input materials, process steps, AND output products. Various stages of exploration, extraction AND processing of oil AND gas have many ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, such as those on soil, air, water, creatures, plants, AND even humans. In this paper, a FAILURE mode AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (FMEA) is employed to identify FAILUREs AND ENVIRONMENTAL risks in an oil AND gas exploitation plant. Dempster–Shafer (DS) theory of evidence is then proposed for ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment due to its effectiveness in dealing with uncertain AND subjective information. The assesments of experts AND their confidence levels of their responses are employed to construct the basic probability assignments (BPA) in DS theory of evidence. Furthermore, a new weighting method is proposed to obtain the discounted BPA which reduces the uncertainty in the information sources AND improves the quality of information before combining different sources of information. Finally, the proposed method is applied to an oil AND gas exploitation plant to assess ENVIRONMENTAL risks.

Background: Healthcare statistics, issued by various international organizations, show that medical errors in health centers impose high costs on patients AND hospitals AND increase the rates of morbidity AND mortality around the world. Due to the potential risks of cardiovascular diseases, the occurrence of any errors can potentially endanger the patients' lives AND incur costs on them, as well as hospitals. On the other hAND, anesthesia is one of the priorities for risk management in clinical care. Objectives: This study aimed to identify, classify, AND evaluate anesthesia FAILUREs in open heart surgeries, using the healthcare FAILURE mode AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (HFMEA) technique. Methods: The anesthesia process in open heart surgery was reviewed using the HFMEA technique, AND four processes, 25 subprocesses, 95 activities, AND 204 risks were extracted. The causes of FAILURE were also identified, AND four FAILURE MODES were determined as the most important FAILUREs, based on the qualitative AND quantitative methods,finally, some solutions were proposed. Changes in the level of healthcare workers,knowledge AND competence, computer use AND timing, AND the amount of administered medications were identified as the potential risk factors AND errors. Results: The inadequate awareness AND knowledge of healthcare workers, non-use of computers, prescription errors, technique errors, AND timing AND amount of medication administration were identified as the errors AND risk factors. Based on the present findings, another expert needs to evaluate the design, feasibility, AND prioritization of techniques, including continuing medical education for anesthesia professionals AND experts, statutory documentation, AND control of the individuals' activities. Conclusions: Based on the present findings, establishing a risk management committee seems essential to identify errors AND improve the design AND plan of different techniques so as to execute, monitor, control, AND review errors in a cycle of continuous improvement.

Introduction: Alternative punishments of imprisonment, which are called as a new approach of the penal system to fight against the negative consequences of prison, have many EFFECTS AND consequences that need to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, while examining the types of alternative punishments, the moral AND social EFFECTS of the implementation of these punishments have been explored. Materials AND Methods: The present study was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method. In this study, in order to provide an appropriate answer to the question presented, by referring to the theoretical bases (books) AND articles published in the ISC, Magiran, Civilica, SID AND Ensani in the years 2011 to 2023 AND with the method of extracting the existing legal provisions, the effectiveness of this type of punishment was also criticized in reaching the intended goals. Conclusion: The results of this study show that with the implementation of such punishments, the level of public trust, the growth of morals AND social capital in the society will also improve. Therefore, the implementation of these punishments, while reducing the criminal population of prisoners AND reforming them, provides better implementation of social justice AND improvement of public trust, emotional AND financial support for the families of criminals

Air conditioning systems are used in industries AND residential environments with the aim of improving ENVIRONMENTAL conditions AND creating a comfortable temperature for users. Considering the production of sound AND vibration in most of its components, the lack of control of the production sound level always exposes the users to unwanted sound, which in addition to hearing complications, also causes fatigue AND dissatisfaction with the ENVIRONMENTAL conditions. . Compressors are one of the most important sources of sound production in air conditioning systems, AND screw compressors are one of the most widely used in air conditioning industries. Therefore, the compressor shell should be designed to minimize the transmission of sound from inside to outside. Since the maximum working temperature of compressors is up to 80 degrees Celsius, therefore, in this research, an acoustic test was performed on a sample of a screw compressor shell in two MODES of ambient temperature AND maximum working temperature inside the acoustic room, AND the effect of temperature increase on the sound pressure level. transferred from the shell to the external environment is discussed. Finally, based on the frequency ANALYSIS performed in two conditions of ambient temperature AND maximum working temperature AND comparing the amount of sound transmitted to the environment at different frequencies, practical solutions to reduce the amount of transmitted sound pressure have been presented.

Background: The operating room is one of the most risky parts of the hospital. All employed personnel are exposed to occupational hazards. This study aimed to assess AND control the risk of occupational hazards in urology surgeries using the technique of ANALYSIS of error states AND its EFFECTS in the operating room. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected through observation of common operating room processes, background checks AND documents, AND focus group discussion. Data ANALYSIS was in accordance with the FAILURE MODES AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (FMEA) method based on risk priority number (RPN). Results: Considering 16 common operating room processes, there were 23 potential error MODES of which 5 of them were identified as unacceptable AND high risk. These five items included “working with sharp tools with RPN8/311”, “working under high pressure AND risky conditions with RPN 292”, “hAND washing with RPN 254. 6”, “intubation/extubation/suction of secretions with RPN 213. 2”, AND “working with radiation equipment with RPN 206. 9”. Conclusion: In case of unacceptable errors, corrective actions were presented in three areas of decreasing occurrence AND severity AND increasing the ability to detect errors. It is suggested that retraining courses be held to prevent errors, ensure the health of operating room personnel, AND increase the quality of services.